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巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛临床观察

作者 / Author:高 兰

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效及对炎性因子与应激反应的影响。方法 选取2017-01—2018-06郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的三叉神经痛患者94例,随机分为2组,对照组使用巴氯芬治疗,研究组使用巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗。比较2组患者治疗后VAS(视觉模拟评分法)评分、治疗效果、白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐变化、炎性因子水平以及血清氧化应激水平。结果 研究组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组炎性因子水平低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组血清氧化应激水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛的效果明显。

关键词 / KeyWords:

三叉神经痛,巴氯芬,腺苷钴胺,炎性因子,应激反应
巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛临床观察
高 兰
郑州大学附属郑州中心医院,河南郑州 450000
作者简介:高兰,Email:gaolan2009@126.com
摘要 目的 探讨巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效及对炎性因子与应激反应的影响。方法 选取2017-01—2018-06郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的三叉神经痛患者94例,随机分为2组,对照组使用巴氯芬治疗,研究组使用巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗。比较2组患者治疗后VAS(视觉模拟评分法)评分、治疗效果、白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐变化、炎性因子水平以及血清氧化应激水平。结果 研究组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组炎性因子水平低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组血清氧化应激水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛的效果明显。
关键词】 三叉神经痛;巴氯芬;腺苷钴胺;炎性因子;应激反应
中图分类号】  R745.11    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2018)24-2725-06  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.24.568
Clinical observation of baclofen combined with adenosine cobalamin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
GAO Lan
Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000,China
Abstract  Objective  Toinvestigate the clinical efficacy of baclofen combined with adenosine cobalamin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and its effects on inflammatory factors and stress response.Methods  A total of 94 patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 01 to 2018 were randomly divided into two groups.The control group was treated with baclofen.The study group was treated with baclofen plus adenosine cobalamin.The VAS (visual analogue scale) score,therapeutic effect,white blood cell count,platelet count,alanine aminotransferase,serum creatinine change,inflammatory factor level,and serum oxidative stress level were compared between the two groups.Results  The VAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The treatment effect of the study group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05).The white blood cell count,platelet count,alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine of the study group were better than the control group (P<0.05);the inflammatory factor level of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05);the serum oxidative stress level of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion  Baclofen combined with adenosine cobalamin is effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
Key words】  Trigeminal neuralgia;Baclofen;Adenosine cobalamin;Inflammatory factor;Stress response
        三叉神经痛多发于中老年人[1-2]。三叉神经痛的主要症状是在三叉神经分布的局部区域出现反复发作并伴短暂或阵发性的疼痛感,但三叉神经功能并未受到损伤,发病原因有咀嚼食物、刷牙、洗脸等,一般疼痛只持续几秒钟或数分钟[3-5]。临床治疗三叉神经痛的方法有神经根切断术、三叉神经节射频热凝术、神经阻滞、药物治疗等,治疗后近期疗效较好,但远期复发率非常高,并且病情会更加复杂,严重降低患者的生活质量[6-8]。本次研究探讨巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛的效果。
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  选取2017-01—2018-06郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的三叉神经痛患者94例,随机分为2组。纳入标准:(1)符合《神经病学》诊断标准;(2)第一次接受药物治疗并未进行手术治疗;(3)患者知情同意。排除标准:(1)合并严重心脑血管疾病患者;(2)怀孕或处于哺乳期的妇女;(3)头或面部外伤患者。对照组47例,男23例,女24例;年龄20~65(41.2±3.3)岁;研究组47例,男21例,女26例;年龄21~70(45.1±4.6)岁。2组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经过医院伦理委员会批准。
1.2  方法 对照组使用巴氯芬治疗,初期治疗剂量5 mg,3次/d,患者适应后慢慢增加剂量,当患者的疼痛感消失后停药。最大剂量不超过100 mg,3次/d。患者疼痛感显著减轻后可以用小剂量药物治疗,一般45~60 mg/d,连续治疗4周。
        研究组在对照组基础上联用腺苷钴胺(国药准字H20045994,三联药业公司)治疗,腺苷钴胺1.5 mg肌内注射,1次/d,4次/周,连续治疗4周。
1.3  观察指标  (1)比较2组患者治疗后1周、2周、4周的VAS评分。(2)比较2组治疗效果,经治疗患者的疼痛感完全消失,VAS评分下降>50%,完全恢复后患者可以正常工作与生活为显效;经治疗患者疼痛感显著减轻,VAS评分下降50%,工作与生活较之前有很大改善为有效;经治疗患者疼痛感未减轻,VAS评分下降<50%,工作与生活较之前无很大改善,且病情出现恶化为无效。(3)比较2组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐的变化。(4)比较2组炎性因子水平,包括TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子)、IL-6(白介素6)、IL-1β(白细胞介素1)。(5)比较2组血清氧化应激水平,主要有SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、GSH-Px(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)。
1.4  统计学方法 应用SPSS 18.0进行数据分析,其中计数资料行χ2检验,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,行t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2  结果
2.1  2组VAS评分对比  研究组治疗后1、2、4周的VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2  2组治疗效果对比 研究组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3  2组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐对比  研究组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。
表1  2组治疗后1、2、4周的VAS评分对比  (x±s,分)
Table 1 Comparison of VAS scores at 1,2,and 4 weeks after treatment in 2 groups  (x±s,scores)
组别 n 治疗后1 治疗后2 治疗后4
对照组 47 6.7±2.5 5.5±1.3 4.5±1.2
研究组 47 5.1±2.4 4.8±1.2 3.9±1.1
t   15.531 13.226 13.234
P   0.05 0.05 0.05
表2  2组治疗效果对比  [n(%)]
Table 2 Comparison of treatment effects in 2 groups  [n(%)]
组别 n 显效 有效 无效 有效率/%
对照组 47 15(31.9) 21(44.7) 11(23.4) 76.6
研究组 47 24(51.1) 22(46.8) 1(2.1) 97.9
χ2   6.887 4.564 7.423 8.521
P   0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
表3  2组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐对比  (x±s)
Table 3 Comparison of white blood cell count,platelet count,alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine  (x±s)
组别 n 白细胞计数(×109个/L) 血小板计数(×109个/L) 谷丙转氨酶(U/L) 血清肌酐(μmol/L)
对照组 47 6.6±1.5 179.3±5.7 28.5±9.4 74.0±8.4
研究组 47 6.8±1.7 183.2±5.9 29.4±10.1 75.2±9.2
t   12.465 14.362 15.238 16.663
P   0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
表4  2组炎性因子水平对比  (x±s)
Table 4 Comparison of inflammatory factors of two groups  (x±s)
组别 n TNF-α(pg/mL) IL-6(pg/mL) IL-1β(pg/mL)
对照组 47 35.7±8.4 25.4±4.6 37.5±6.2
研究组 47 28.5±8.2 22.6±4.4 32.5±6.3
t   15.327 12.331 13.451
P   0.05 0.05 0.05
表5  2组血清氧化应激水平对比  (x±s)
Table 5 Comparison of serum oxidative stress levels in two groups  (x±s)
组别 n SOD(U/L) GSH-Px(nU/mL)
对照组 47 84.4±9.3 81.2±8.3
研究组 47 91.5±7.9 86.9±8.6
t   15.459 12.546
P   0.05 0.05
2.4  2组炎性因子水平对比 研究组炎性因子水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表4。
2.5  2组血清氧化应激水平对比 研究组血清氧化应激水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表5。
3  讨论
        三叉神经痛的特点是一侧面部三叉神经分布区有很强烈的疼痛感,很难彻底治愈,复发率高等[9-11],女性发病率高于男性,年龄越大发生的概率也越大。临床上治疗三叉神经痛的方法很多,效果不很理想,术后并发症的发生率较高[12-14]
        巴氯芬是临床上治疗三叉神经痛的一种药物,主要通过作用于脊髓运动神经元的γ-氨基丁酸β受体发挥药效,从而起到抑制突触的反射,阻断突触之间的信号传递达到消除疼痛的效果[15-19]。有研究表明,人脑中差不多一半突触是以γ-氨基丁酸β受体为传递介质。有报道显示,巴氯芬可以有效抑制谷氨酸等兴奋性氨基酸的分泌,同时会对疼痛信号的传递起到阻断作用,进而达到止痛的效果[20-23]。另外,巴氯芬不会对其他重要器官造成损伤,也不会改变血流动力学,因此非常适用于老年患者[24-27]。但仅用巴氯芬的效果并不是特别明显,巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛患者,可以大大提高治疗效果,提高患者的生活质量,缓解疼痛。本研究显示,研究组VAS评分低于对照组,治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05),提示巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛,不仅可以提高治疗效果,还有较高的安全性。
        巴氯芬近期的疗效较好,但容易发生不良反应,且长期使用会产生耐药性,后期的复发率也较高[28-33]。腺苷钴胺属于体内维生素B12的活性辅酶,可以有效修复脱髓鞘神经纤维,缓解神经疼痛。腺苷钴胺会促进蛋白质与脂肪分解,是脊髓纤维细胞发挥正常功能必不可少的因子[34-35]
        本研究显示,研究组白细胞计数、血小板计数、谷丙转氨酶、血清肌酐优于对照组(P<0.05),说明巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛,可以有效减轻肝肾功能损伤,提高了治疗效果。而对照组也处于正常范围的原因可能是观察时间较短。长期随访发现,巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛患者,半年内发生不良反应的概率较单用巴氯芬治疗的患者低很多,因此巴氯芬不适合长期治疗的患者。
        近几年,大量研究表明,三叉神经痛患者身体的免疫力发挥着非常重要的作用[36-40]。健康人的神经末梢中有很多维持局部生理平衡的非神经细胞,主要有施万细胞、巨噬细胞、纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞等。如果正常的神经细胞遭到损伤,这些维持生理平衡的细胞可能会分泌出大量的递质,如TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等炎性因子[41-43],同时体内的T淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞会对身体免疫力产生一定的影响,加重神经损伤,升高炎性因子水平[44-47]。这些因子会对神经功能产生一定的影响,进而提高神经对疼痛的敏感度,降低患者对疼痛的耐受力。本研究显示,研究组炎性因子水平低于对照组(P<0.05),说明炎性因子水平与诱发神经性疼痛有密切关系,降低炎性因子水平可以有效缓解疼痛感。巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛,有效降低了患者血清炎性因子水平。
        炎性因子的水平变化与氧化应激反应有很大关联。CRP是反映炎性因子水平的重要标志物,是临床上评价炎性反应的指标[48-50]。IL-1β的作用是激活神经胶质细胞,有调节痛觉过敏的作用。IL-6属于白细胞趋化因子的一种,其功能是多种多样的,作为炎症反应递质,有促炎作用,还可以促进急性反应蛋白的生成[51-54]。TNF-α是由单核巨噬细胞分泌的炎性因子,其作用是促进炎性细胞聚集,从而导致神经疼痛[55-57]。SOD属于金属活性酶,其作用是清除氧自由基、保护细胞。GSH-Px属于抗氧化作用酶,主要存在细胞的胞质、线粒体中,作用也是清除细胞中的氧自由基[58-60]。本研究显示,研究组血清氧化应激水平高于对照组(P<0.05),因此,巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛,可以有效提高血清SOD、GSH-Px水平,降低炎性因子水平。巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺不仅可以有效提高患者的身体免疫力,还可以有效降低应激反应。另外,其还可以有效提高睡眠质量改善生活质量,减轻抑郁焦虑情绪。
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(收稿2018-06-25 修回2018-10-30)
本文责编:夏保军
本文引用信息:高兰.巴氯芬联合腺苷钴胺治疗三叉神经痛临床观察[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(24):2725-2730.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.24.568

Reference informationGAO Lan.Clinical observation of baclofen combined with adenosine cobalamin in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia[J]Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases201821(24)2725-2730.DOI10.12083/SYSJ.2018.24.568 

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