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产后抑郁患者血清S100B和神经肽Y水平变化及临床意义

作者 / Author:张秋君 史云菊

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨产后抑郁患者血清S100B和神经肽Y(NPY)水平变化及临床意义。方法 选取2018-09—2019-09在郑州大学第五附属医院分娩的243例产妇,收集临床资料,分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,对所有患者行爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)调查,根据EPDS评分将患者分为产后抑郁组和对照组,分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清中S100B和NPY水平。结果 49例发生产后抑郁,发生率20.16%;与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分升高,且6周时高于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,且6周时高于1周时,而NPY水平均降低,且6周时低于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,而NPY水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析,结果显示,血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后1周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05),分娩方式、血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后6周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 产后抑郁患者血清S100B水平升高,而NPY2水平降低,且与产后抑郁EPDS评分有关,是EPDS评分的影响因素。

关键词 / KeyWords:

产后抑郁,S100B,神经肽Y,多元线性回归分析,影响因素
产后抑郁患者血清S100B和神经肽Y水平变化及临床意义
张秋君  史云菊
郑州大学第五附属医院,河南 郑州 450052
基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(编号:2018020231)
作者简介:张秋君,Email:2322356637@qq.com
 
【摘要】  目的  探讨产后抑郁患者血清S100B和神经肽Y(NPY)水平变化及临床意义。方法  选取2018-09—2019-09在郑州大学第五附属医院分娩的243例产妇,收集临床资料,分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,对所有患者行爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)调查,根据EPDS评分将患者分为产后抑郁组和对照组,分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清中S100B和NPY水平。结果  49例发生产后抑郁,发生率20.16%;与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分升高,且6周时高于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,且6周时高于1周时,而NPY水平均降低,且6周时低于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,而NPY水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析,结果显示,血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后1周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05),分娩方式、血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后6周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论  产后抑郁患者血清S100B水平升高,而NPY2水平降低,且与产后抑郁EPDS评分有关,是EPDS评分的影响因素。
【关键词】  产后抑郁;S100B;神经肽Y;多元线性回归分析;影响因素
【中图分类号】  R749.4    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2020)22-1997-06  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2021.02.002
 
Changes and clinical significance of serum S100B and neuropeptide Y in patients with postpartum depression
ZHANG QiujunSHI Yunju
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052,China
【Abstract】  Objective  To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum S100B and neuropeptide Y in patients with postpartum depression.Methods  A total of 243 women who giving birth to their babies in our hospital were selected September 2018 to September 2019.The clinical data was collected.At prenatal,1 week and 6 weeks after delivery,the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) survey was conducted on all patients.According to EPDS score,patients were divided into the postpartum depression group and control group.At prenatal,1 week and 6 weeks after delivery,the serum levels of S100B and NPY were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results  49 cases of patients developed postpartum depression,the incidence rate was 20.16%.Compared with the prenatal,the EPDS scores of patients in the postpartum depression group increased at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery,and 1 week after delivery was higher than at 6 weeks after delivery,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the EPDS scores of patients in the postpartum depression group were increased at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with prenatal,the serum levels of S100B in the postpartum depression group were increased at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery,and the 1 week was higher than at 6 weeks after delivery,while the serum levels of NPY were decreased,and 1 week was lower than at 6 weeks after delivery,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum levels of S100B level in the postpartum depression group at 1 and 6 weeks after delivery were increased,while the serum levels of NPY were decreased,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion  The serum level of S100B in the postpartum depression patients is increased,while the serum level of NPY2 is decreased,and they are related to the EPDS score of postpartum depression,which is the influencing factor of the EPDS score.
【Key words】  Postpartum depression;S100B;Neuropeptide Y;Multiple linear regression analysis;Influencing factors
 
产后抑郁是产妇在分娩过程中出现的一种最为常见的并发症,患者既往无精神障碍病史,多发生于产妇分娩后6周以内,是产褥期女性由于心理、生理改变及社会角色变化等因素而导致的精神心理障碍性疾病,以沮丧、哭泣、焦虑、易怒、情绪低落等为主要表现,严重者出现妄想、幻觉,甚至自杀、杀婴等,随着“二孩”政策的实施,加之生活压力增加、妊娠分娩年龄不断延迟,致使该病发病率不断升高[1],不仅给产妇及家庭亲属生活带来严重影响,甚至可能影响母婴交流,影响婴幼儿早期认知及心智形成和发展[2],有研究指出[3],发生产后抑郁的母亲的子女发生注意力缺陷和自闭症、多动障碍的风险明显增加。目前,该病具体发生机制尚未清楚,一般认为是产科因素、社会因素和生物学因素综合作用的结果,是临床研究的热点和难点。有研究指出[4],神经内分泌因素在产后抑郁发病中发挥重要作用。S100B是一种神经胶质细胞分泌的钙结合蛋白,在星形胶质细胞和雪旺氏细胞的细胞质中以二聚体的形式存在,是一种特异性存在于中枢神经系统中的生物蛋白[5],通常情况下少量存在于神经细胞中并参与了神经营养、代谢及修复再生[6],而在神经细胞受损时,表达量会升高,在中枢神经系统疾病发生进展中发挥重要作用[7-8],神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)作为一种神经肽类物质,存在于与情感调节相关的脑区和交感神经末梢中,可与单胺类神经递质和谷氨酸能神经递质互相作用,在调控情感、行为及应激中发挥重要作用[9]。动物实验显示[10],创伤性应激源引起的心理病理反应诱发的大鼠焦虑症海马组织中NPY水平降低,NPY具有抗焦虑、抗抑郁的功能。但在产后抑郁患者血清中S100B和NPY水平变化如何,是否参与发病,鲜有报道。本研究通过分析产后抑郁患者血清中S100B和NPY水平变化情况,探讨与产后抑郁的相关性,以期为该病临床诊疗及机制研究提供参考资料。
 
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  选取2018-09—2019-09在郑州大学第五附属医院分娩的243例产妇,纳入标准:(1)年龄22~38岁;(2)均建档立卡,按时完成产前检查;(3)分娩和随访记录完整;(4)均能配合完成调查。排除标准:(1)合并有妊娠期高血压、糖尿病者;(2)既往有认知功能障碍、精神疾病史者;(3)心肝肾等重要脏器严重功能障碍者;(4)有吸毒、酗酒等不良嗜好者;(5)产后发生影响严重的负性事件。共纳入产妇243例,年龄22~39(28.54±4.57)岁,受教育年限9~19(12.88±2.02)a,孕周(39.22±1.32)周,分娩方式:顺产163例,剖宫产90例。本研究通过医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均行知情同意。 243例产妇中发生产后抑郁(产后抑郁组)49例,发生率20.16%,对照组194例,2组患者在年龄、受教育年限、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、孕周、分娩方式、分娩次数、新生儿性别和产后喂养方式差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
表1  2组患者一般资料比较  [n(%)]
Table 1  Comparison on the general information between two groups of patients  [n(%)]
指标
产后抑郁组(n=49)
对照组(n=194)
t/χ2
P
年龄/
28.02±4.85
28.68±4.49
0.897
0.371
受教育年限(a)
12.53±2.25
12.96±1.96
1.342
0.181
体重指数(kg/m2)
27.65±2.18
27.57±2.04
0.225
0.822
吸烟
2(4.08)
5(2.58)
0.316
0.574
饮酒
3(6.12)
8(4.12)
0.362
0.548
孕周()
39.39±1.29
39.18±1.33
1.007
0.315
分娩方式
 
 
 
 
  顺产
26(53.06)
137(70.62)
 
 
  剖宫产
23(46.94)
67(29.38)
3.425
0.064
分娩次数()
 
 
 
 
  1
36(73.47)
135(69.59)
 
 
  ≥2次
13(26.53)
59(30.41)
0.283
0.595
新生儿性别
 
 
 
 
  男
27(55.10)
86(44.33)
 
 
  女
22(44.90)
108(55.67)
1.825
0.177
产后喂养方式
 
 
 
 
  母乳
18(36.73)
98(50.52)
 
 
  配方奶粉
15(30.61)
44(22.68)
 
 
  混合
16(32.65)
52(26.80)
3.048
0.218
 
1.2  方法
1.2.1  临床资料收集:收集所有患者年龄、受教育年限、分娩时身高和体重(计算体重指数)、烟酒嗜好、孕周、分娩方式、分娩次数、新生儿性别、产后喂养方式等。
1.2.2  问卷评估:分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,对所有患者行爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)调查,该量表包括10个条目,每个条目由0~4分四个维度,总分30分,EPDS评分在13分及以上则为产后抑郁。根据EPDS评分将患者分为产后抑郁组和对照组。
1.2.3  酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清中S100B和NPY水平:所有患者分别于产前、产后1周和6周时,抽取晨起肘静脉血5 mL,静置30 min,4 ℃下3 500 r/min离心15 min,留取上清,-20 ℃保存。利用ELISA法检测血清中S100B和NPY水平,试剂盒均购自上海信裕生物技术有限公司,所有操作均按试剂盒说明在标准实验室完成。
1.3  统计学分析  使用SPSS 21.0软件分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用率值表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。
 
2  结果
2.1  2组患者EPDS评分  2组产前EPDS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分升高,且6周时高于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表2  2组不同时点EPDS评分比较  (分,x±s)
Table 2  Comparison of EPDS scores between the two groups at different time points  (scores,x±s)
组别
n
产前
产后1
产后6
产后抑郁组
49
6.22±1.09
19.53±4.45*
23.76±1.68*#
对照组
194
6.38±0.89
6.56±0.97
6.48±0.95
t
 
1.056
37.440
95.317
P
 
0.292
0.000
0.000
 
  注:与产前相比,*P<0.05;与产后1周相比,#P<0.05
2.2  2组患者血清中S100B和NPY水平  2组产前血清中S100B和NPY水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与产前相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,且6周时高于1周时,而NPY水平均降低,且6周时低于1周时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,而NPY水平均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3  2组患者血清中S100B和NPY水平比较  (μg/mL,x±s)
Table 3  Comparison of serum levels of S100B and NPY in the two groups of patients  (μg/mL,x±s)
组别
n
S100B
 
NPY
产前
产后1周
产后6周
 
产前
产后1周
产后6周
产后抑郁组
49
42.93±3.50
66.18±5.41*
92.89±6.48*#
 
8.06±1.90
4.32±1.69*
3.14±1.00*#
对照组
194
42.52±4.32
42.15±4.58
42.05±3.75
 
7.85±2.08
8.03±1.89
8.12±2.03
t
 
0.803
31.619
71.803
 
0.639
12.550
16.661
P
 
0.423
0.000
0.000
 
0.524
0.000
0.000
 
  注:与产前相比,*P<0.05;与产后1周相比,#P<0.05
2.3  影响产后抑郁的多因素分析  分别以产后1周和6周时EPDS评分为因变量,以一般资料和血清中相应时点S100B和NPY水平为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示,血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后1周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。见表4;分娩方式、血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后6周EPDS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。见表5。
 
表4  产后1周EPDS评分影响因素的多元线性回归分析
Table 4  Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors of EPDS score at 1-week postpartum
指标
B
标准误差
t
P
S100B
0.383
0.024
16.284
0
NPY2
-0.354
0.108
-3.274
0.001
 
表5  产后6周EPDS评分影响因素的多元线性回归分析
Table 5  Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors of EPDS score at 6-week postpartum
指标
B
标准误差
t
P
分娩方式
0.504
0.245
2.052
0.041
S100B
0.307
0.008
37.062
0.000
NPY2
-0.161
0.064
-2.536
0.012
 
3  讨论
产妇由于分娩后内分泌、身份等发生改变,加之身体和感情脆弱,精神状态极易受外界影响,出现持续性心境低落,表现为焦虑、恐惧、沮丧及对自身和婴儿过度担忧[11-13],发生产后抑郁,该病发病率在10%~38%,本研究243例产妇中,49例发生产后抑郁,发生率20.16%。一般情况下,该病发病较为隐匿,初期不易发现而可能进展至重度,甚至出现自杀或杀婴行为,对产妇身心健康及家庭和社会带了严重威胁[14-18],同时,负面情绪可能会影响母婴关系及婴儿情绪和认知的形成,有研究指出[19-21],患有产后抑郁的产妇,其子女更易出现情绪及行为问题。因此,尽早发现及治疗产后抑郁对改善患者临床结局有重要意义[22-25]。目前,产后抑郁病因尚未完全清楚,遗产、环境、内分泌、社会心理等因素均可能与其病情进展有关[26-30],本研究对比了产后抑郁组和对照一般资料,发现2组患者在年龄、受教育年限、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、孕周、分娩方式、分娩次数、新生儿性别和产后喂养方式并无差异。EPDS评分作为目前临床上筛查产后抑郁常用的量表,具有较好的灵敏度和特异度,总分在13分及以上即可认为存在产后抑郁,本研究中分别于产前、产后1周和6周对患者进行评估,发现与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时EPDS评分均升高,且产后抑郁组患者EPDS评分随时间进展,6周时EPDS评分高于1周时,说明产后抑郁组患者在产后1~6周内EPDS评分可能呈升高趋势。
S100B作为一种钙敏感蛋白,主要是由神经胶质细胞分泌,在调控细胞多种细胞活动、传递第二信使信号,以及促进神经细胞生长和修复等过程中发挥重要作用[31-33],研究发现[15-16],其参与了精神疾病的发生。NPY则是主要存在于与情感调节有关的脑区和交感神经末梢,在与神经递质相互协调后,在行为、情感调节剂应激反应中发挥重要作用,动物实验发现[17,34-36],NPY可减少大鼠焦虑和抑郁行为,增加探究行为。本研究显示,与对照组相比,产后抑郁组患者产后1周和6周时血清S100B水平均升高,NPY水平则降低,且产后抑郁患者产后6周时血清S100B水平高于产后1周时,而NPY则低于产后1周时,说明产后抑郁患者血清S100B水平升高,而NPY水平降低,且随着时间推移,从产后1周到6周,血清S100B水平升高,而NPY水平降低[37-39],提示S100B和NPY可能参与了产后抑郁发生过程。多元线性回归分析结果显示,血清S100B和NPY2水平是影响产后1周和6周EPDS评分的影响因素,进一步说明S100B和NPY2可能参与了产后抑郁病情进展过程。
 产后抑郁患者血清S100B水平升高,而NPY2水平降低,且与产后抑郁EPDS评分有关,是EPDS评分的影响因素,有望为产后抑郁早期发现及机制研究提供新的生物学标志物。
 
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(收稿2020-06-17)
本文责编:关慧
本文引用信息:张秋君,史云菊.产后抑郁患者血清S100B和神经肽Y水平变化及临床意义[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2020,23(22):1997-2002.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2021.02.002
Reference information:ZHANG Qiujun,SHI Yunju.Changes and clinical significance of serum S100B and neuropeptide Y in patients with postpartum depression[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2020,23(22):1997-2002.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2021.02.002
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