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神经调控技术治疗失眠的研究进展

神经调控技术治疗失眠的研究进展
 
程 方 席春华
合肥市第一人民医院,安徽 合肥 230061
通信作者:席春华
 
摘要】 失眠是由生理、心理、环境因素、精神疾病、躯体疾病等多种原因导致的。失眠的认知行为疗法(CBT-I)被推荐为失眠的一线治疗,如果 CBT-I 的治疗不够有效或无法获得时,可以提供药物干预。苯二氮卓类药物、苯二氮卓类受体激动剂及部分抗抑郁药物等对失眠具有非常好的治疗效果。但是CBT-I 受到失眠患者依从性问题和成本增加的限制,操作起来十分复杂。许多慢性失眠患者要长时间服用镇静催眠药物来维持睡眠,长期使用药物会带来一系列不良反应。传统方法的弊端使治疗失眠新方法的出现成了必然。神经调控技术是指利用植入性或非植入性技术,采用电刺激或者药物手段来改善患者症状的技术。近年来被认为具有调节神经功能,广泛应用于抑郁症,帕金森病,AD 等临床治疗。而近年来部分研究证实,神经调控技术同时具有调控睡眠结构,改善睡眠质量的效果。神经调控技术主要包括经颅磁刺激(TMS)、经颅电刺激(TES)、针灸等,这些技术有效克服传统治疗方法的弊端,并且在近年来的研究中显示出有效性和安全性,本文主要探讨神经调控技术在治疗失眠问题上的研究进展。
关键词】 失眠;神经调控技术;经颅磁刺激;经颅电刺激;针灸
中图分类号】 R741 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1673-5110 (2022) 05-0643-04
基金项目:安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目资助(编号:202004j07020006);合肥市卫生计生应用医学研究项目(编号:hwk2019zd003);中国卒中学会脑血管病全程管理启航基金项目资助,合肥市第六周期医学重点专科项目资助(编号:合卫科教〔2019〕160 号);安徽医科大学校基金(编号:2021xkj222);安徽省教育厅开放课题(编号:NDMHCI-19-01)
DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.220291
 
Research progress of neuroregulation technology in the treatment of insomnia
CHENG Fang,XI Chunhua
The First People’s Hospital of Hefei City,Hefei 230061,China
Corresponding author: XI Chunhua
Abstract】 Insomnia is caused by physiological,psychological,environmental factors,mental diseases,physical diseases and other reasons. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended as the first-line treatment for insomnia,and pharmacological intervention can be provided if CBT-I treatment is not effective or not available.Benzodiazepines,benzodiazepine receptor agonists and some antidepressants have very good treatment effects on insomnia.However,CBT-I is limited by compliance problems and increased costs in insomnia patients,which is very complicated to operate.Many patients with chronic insomnia take sedative and hypnotic drugs for a long time to maintain sleep,and long-term use of drugs can cause a series of adverse effects.The disadvantages of traditional methods make the emergence of new methods of treating insomnia become inevitable.Neuroregulation technology refers to the use of implantable or non-implantable techniques to use electrical stimulation or drugs to improve patients,it is believed to modulate neurological function,which is widely used in clinical treatments such as depression,Parkinson's disease and AD.In recent years,some studies have proved that neuroregulation technology has the effect of regulating sleep structure and improving sleep quality.Neuroregulation techniques mainly include transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),transcranial electric stimulation (TES),acupuncture,etc. These techniques effectively overcome the disadvantages of traditional treatment methods,and have shown their effectiveness and safety in recent studies. This paper mainly discusses the research progress of neuroregulation techniques in the treatment of insomnia.
Key words】 Insomnia; Neuroregulation technology; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Transcranial electrical stimulation; Acupuncture

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