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急性缺血性脑卒中后局部血流灌注与失语类型及预后的相关性分析

作者 / Author:李聪颖 杨伟民 黄文祥

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中后失语类型与局部血流灌注的相关性并分折影响预后的相关危险因素。方法 收集2016-01-2017-10在郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科住院的急性脑卒中患者,根据失语量表对其进行失语评分及分类。对纳入的患者进行颅脑血管成像(CTA)及CT灌注成像(CTP)检查,记录病灶局部及镜像侧血流灌注参数,观察不同类型失语与脑局部血流灌注的相关性并分析影响其预后的相关因素。结果 127例失语患者中69例存在病灶区灌注不足,不同的语言功能障碍与相应区域的脑血流低灌注有关(P<0.05),失语

关键词 / KeyWords:

急性缺血性脑卒中,局部脑血流灌注,颅脑血管成像,CT灌注成像,失语类型,危险因素

急性缺血性脑卒中后局部血流灌注与失语类型及预后的相关性分析

李聪颖  杨伟民  黄文祥
郑州大学第一附属医院神经内二科,河南 郑州 450052
基金项目:2016年度河南省医学科技攻关计划(编号:162102310201)
作者简介:李聪颖,Email:licongying0908@163.com
通信作者:杨伟民,Email:weiminyanghn@163.com
摘要  目的  探讨急性缺血性脑卒中后失语类型与局部血流灌注的相关性并分折影响预后的相关危险因素。方法  收集2016-01-2017-10在郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科住院的急性脑卒中患者,根据失语量表对其进行失语评分及分类。对纳入的患者进行颅脑血管成像(CTA)及CT灌注成像(CTP)检查,记录病灶局部及镜像侧血流灌注参数,观察不同类型失语与脑局部血流灌注的相关性并分析影响其预后的相关因素。结果  127例失语患者中69例存在病灶区灌注不足,不同的语言功能障碍与相应区域的脑血流低灌注有关(P<0.05),失语严重程度与受累病灶区低灌注的程度关系密切(P<0.05)。结论  以ABC量表所得评分及波士顿诊断性失语严重程度分级标准作为卒中后失语患者评价失语严重程度标准,进行语言功能与局部脑灌注的相关性分析,语言功能障碍程度与不同区域的脑血流灌注减低量呈正相关,即局部灌注越差,语言功能障碍程度越高。年龄>60岁、入院NIHSS评分较高及病灶局部脑血流减少是其预后不良的危险因素。
关键词】  急性缺血性脑卒中;局部脑血流灌注;颅脑血管成像;CT灌注成像;失语类型;危险因素
中图分类号】  R743.3    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2018)20-2238-06  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.483
Analysis of the relationship between regional blood perfusion and type of aphasia and its prognosis after acute ischemic stroke
LI CongyingYANG WeiminHUANG Wenxiang
Department of Neurologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052,China
Abstract  Objective  To explore the relationship between type of aphasia and regional blood perfusion after acute ischemic stroke and analyze related risk factors affecting prognosis.Methods  To collect acute stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to October 2017,grade and classify aphasia according to the aphasia scale.Cerebral vascular imaging (CTA) and CT perfusion imaging (CTP) were performed on the included patients,and record their local and mirror image of perfusion parameters,Observe the correlation between different types of aphasia and cerebral blood flow perfusion and analyze the related factors that affect its prognosis.Results  In 127 patients with aphasia,69 patients had insufficient perfusion in the lesion area.Different language dysfunctions are related to cerebral blood flow hypoperfusion in the corresponding regions (P<0.05).The severity of aphasia is closely related to the degree of hypoperfusion in the affected lesion area (P<0.05).Conclusion  The scores on the ABC scale and the diagnostic criteria for the severity of diagnostic aphasia in Boston were used as the criteria for assessing the severity of aphasia in patients with aphasia after stroke.The correlation between language function and regional cerebral perfusion was analyzed.The degree of language dysfunction is positively correlated with the decrease of cerebral blood flow perfusion in different regions,that is,the worse the local perfusion,the higher the degree of language dysfunction.Ages>60 years.Higher NIHSS scores and decreased cerebral blood flow in lesions were risk factors for poor prognosis.
Key words】  Acute ischemic stroke;Regional cerebral blood flow;Cranial vascular imaging;CT perfusion imaging;Types of aphasia;Risk factor
        本研究通过CTA联合CTP观察脑卒中后病灶区局部血流灌注情况,分析缺血性脑卒中后失语症的发生与脑局部血流灌注的相关性,同时对影响其预后的危险因素进行分析,旨在为早期评估卒中后失语症的发生、严重程度及长期预后提供新的方法和思路,提供早期积极干预治疗的依据。
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  选择2016-01—2017-10郑州大学第一附属医院的脑梗死患者200例,其中男129例,女71例,年龄40~75(68.5±9.6)岁,发病时间3 h~12 d(10.32±1.65)d。纳入标准:(1)符合第4届全国脑血管病会议通过的《各类脑血管病的诊断和分类标准》,首次发作的急性(发病14 d内)脑梗死患者,并通过CT或MRI证实为左侧半球单一梗死灶;(2)母语为汉语语种,且为单一语种;(3)意识清醒,可以完成失语检查;(4)发病前智力正常,无精神病史,发病前言语功能正常。
1.2  检查方法
1.2.1  失语症的检查:采用北京大学高素荣教授制定的失语检查法(Aphasia Battery of Chinese,ABC)进行检查。
1.2.2  CT检查:对纳入患者进行头颈联合CTA及CTP检查,分别测量患者前循环血管(颈内动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉)狭窄程度、病灶及其对侧大脑半球镜像区的各项参数值(MTT、CBF),计算CBF差异(ΔCBF=对侧CBF-病灶侧CBF)。
1.3  分组  根据失语评分分为失语组及非失语组,记录2组一般情况:症状、体征、病变部位以及语言测试各项评分值,并同时记录入院时NIHSS及出院6个月后改良的Rankin量表(MRS)评分。
1.4  统计学方法  使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分      析,计量资料应用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采取t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,变量之间的关系通过Spearman秩相关系数进行分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。危险因素分析先进行单因素Logistic回归分析,将P<0.05的相关因素纳入多因素回归方程中进一步分析,以α=0.05为检验标准。
2  结果
2.1  2组血管狭窄分类比较  失语组颈内动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉狭窄率均高于非失语组,差有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2  2组病灶分布情况比较  所有患者均经MRI 证实为左侧半球单一梗死病灶,组间比较见表2。
2.3  失语与局部脑灌注(rCBF)的相关性分析  失语组与非失语组的ΔCBF分别为(0.83±0.11) 和 (0.66±0.12),2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.54,P<0.05)。表3为失语评分与不同部位脑灌注量 (CBF) 的相关性分析,可见不同部位脑血流 (rCBF) 灌注与语言功能障碍有关,自发谈话仅与 Broca 区rCBF呈正相关 (P<0.05);理解力与Wernicke 区 rCBF 呈正相关(P<0.05),而与其他部位无相关,复述及命名的评分值均与颞叶 rCBF 呈正相关;由此可见语言功能受损的程度与局部脑灌注降低的程度呈正相关。
2.4  严重失语危险因素Logistic回归分析  将年龄、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、局部低灌注、高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)、吸烟史、饮酒史、心脏病史及入院NIHSS评分应用单因素Logistic回归分析(表4),发现年龄、糖尿病、高血压、局部低灌注、入院NIHSS评分可能是其预后不良的危险因素,进一步将其引入多因素Logistic回归模型中发现,年龄、局部血流灌注情况、入院NIHSS评分进入回归方程(表5),提示与失语严重程度相关。
表1  2组血管狭窄分类比较  [n(%)]
Table 1  Comparison of 2 groups of vascular stenosis  [n(%)]
组别 n 颈内动脉   大脑中动脉   大脑前动脉
狭窄 正常   狭窄 正常   狭窄 正常
失语组 127 62(48.82) 65(51.18)   73(57.48) 54(42.52)   56(44.09) 71(55.91)
非失语组 73 19(26.03) 54(73.97)   24(32.88) 49(67.12)   9(12.33) 64(87.67)
χ2 值   9.992   11.234   4.03
P   <0.05   <0.05   <0.05
表2  2组灌注减低患者病灶分布情况比较  [n(%)]
Table 2  Comparison of lesion distribution in 2 groups of patients with hypoperfusion  [n (%)] 
组别 n 颞叶 额叶 额颞叶 额颞顶叶 顶叶 基底节区
失语组 69 32(46.38) 11(15.94) 14(30.29) 12(17.39) 0 0
非失语组 11 3(27.27) 0 2(18.18) 0 3(27.27) 3(27.27)
χ2   14.277 5.128 4.322 5.446 5.299 5.299
P   <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
表3  失语评分与不同部位脑灌注量(rCBF)的相关性分析
Table 3  Correlation analysis between aphasia score and cerebral perfusion in different parts 
部位 自发谈话   理解   复述   命名
相关r P   相关r P   相关r P   相关r P
Broca区 0.635a 0.035   0.322 0.064   0.412 0.457   0.374 0.544
Wernicke 区 0.578 0.076   0.433a 0.044   0.572 0.067   0.649 0.052
额叶 0.984 0.159   0.621 0.062   0.426 0.126   0.855 0.875
顶叶 0.643 0.065   0.765 0.284   0.645 0.645   0.943 0.094
颞叶 0.763 0.079   0.535 0.512   0.824a 0.071   0.383a 0.032
  注:aP<0.05
 表4  严重失语危险因素分析的单因素分析结果
Table 4  Univariate analysis of risk factors for severe aphasia 
危险因素 P OR  95% CI
高血压 0.012 1.292 0.5772.892
糖尿病 0.039 1.493 1.2301.571
年龄60 0.003 0.317 0.1500.670
局部低灌注 0.000 8.419 3.19822.163
高脂血症 0.491 1.291 0.6232.682
HHcy 0.620 0.816 0.366~1.821
吸烟史 0.882 1.064 0.4692.417
饮酒史 0.900 0.955 0.4621.974
心脏病史 0.534 1.868 1.1647.062
NIHSS评分 0.000 8.429 3.44120.645
表5  失语危险因素分析的多因素分析结果
Table 5  Multivariate analysis of risk factors for aphasia
危险因素 P OR 95% CI
年龄60 0.026 1.044 1.0051.085
NIHSS评分 0.000 1.522 1.2741.819
局部低灌注 0.035 3.426 1.08810.790
3  讨论
        脑卒中具有疾病与障碍共存的特点,约70%的脑卒中患者存在不同程度的功能障碍[1-5],其中卒中伴失语症的发病率约28%[6-7],卒中后存活的患者中仍有10%~18%遗留不同程度的言语功能障碍[8-11],为其带来沉重的心理负担,卒中后失语患者也成为抑郁情绪的高发人群[12-14],给患者带来极大不便。
        国内外前期研究表明[15-20],失语症的发生大多与Broca区及Wernicke区直接受损或远隔效应有关。脑梗死后Broca区及Wernicke区的脑组织受损引发局部微环境变化,细胞膜受损引发一系列的生物化学和(或)分子生物学“瀑布样”事件,导致轴突损伤和神经元的死亡[21-25]。远隔效应[26-28]是由于脑卒中后阻断皮质语言功能区域皮质下结构的纤维联系,皮质中枢之间或皮质与低级中枢之间的联系中断,大脑皮质发生功能及代谢紊乱,从而影响语言功能,导致失语的发生。有学者发现[29-35],部分右利手的右侧大脑半球梗死患者也有失语的发生,目前称之为交叉性失语,其病变部位多位于丘脑和基底节区,发病机制仍存在争议。正电子发射断层扫描(positron emissiontomograhhy,PET) 表明,右侧大脑半球梗死患者急性期代谢率的减低也可能发生在对侧半球,与交叉性失语有关[36-45]
        本研究共纳入200例急性脑梗死患者,失语组127例,其中69例患者病灶区血流灌注减低,非失语患者73例,11例存在病灶区血流灌注减低,失语组病灶区脑血流灌注减低较非失语组更为显著(P<0.05),表明失语和病灶区血流灌注关系密切,且不同失语类型与不同病灶部位的灌注减低相关:自发谈话仅与Broca区rCBF呈正相关 (P<0.05),与其他部位rCBF无关,理解力与Wernicke区rCBF呈正相关(P<0.05),而与其他部位无相关性,复述及命名的评分值均与颞叶rCBF呈正相关,与其他部位无关,与既往研究一致,不同部位脑血流(rCBF)与语言功能障碍有关,且失语严重程度与局部血流灌注减低量呈正相关,而在探讨失语类型与局部血流灌注相关性外,本研究进一步分析了影响卒中后失语患者预后的危险因素,发现年龄>60岁、入院NIHSS评分较高及局部血流灌注不足与脑梗死后失语预后不良有关。
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(收稿2018-06-23  修回2018-09-18)
本文责编:夏保军
本文引用信息:李聪颖,杨伟民,黄文祥.急性缺血性脑卒中后局部血流灌注与失语类型及预后的相关性分析[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(20):2238-2243.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.483
Reference information:LI Congying,YANG Weimin,HUANG Wenxiang.Analysis of the relationship between regional blood perfusion and type of aphasia and its prognosis after acute ischemic stroke[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(20):2238-2243.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.483 
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