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丁苯酞对缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带细胞因子及神经功能的影响

作者 / Author:于晓云

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨丁苯酞对缺血性脑卒中患者影像学、血液生化指标及神经功能的相关影响。方法 2016-01—2017-12至许昌市中心医院就诊的98例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,根据患者就诊的时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各49例,对照组内给予常规及血栓通静滴,观察组内则相同基础上给予丁苯酞治疗,比较组间患者治疗前后的缺血带变化、炎症细胞因子的表达及神经功能。结果 干预后观察组患者的缺血低灌注区域及缺血中心区的面积均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组与对照组内低灌注区分别占44例及45例,其中存在缺血半暗带分别为33例(75.0%)、16例(35.6%)(P=0.025);经治疗后观察组患者的外周血炎症细胞因子表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);CSS评分结果比较显示干预前患者的神经功能损害水平基本一致(P=0.47),治疗后1周组内比较均明显好转,对照组内治疗后1周及2周相比无显著性差异,观察组内治疗后2周患者的神经功能水平显著优于1周时。结论 对于缺血性脑卒中患者使用丁苯酞能够对缺血半暗带进行有效保护,降低炎症细胞因子的表达水平,改善患者的神经功能,有利于患者的临床预后。

关键词 / KeyWords:

缺血性脑卒中,脑梗死,丁苯酞,缺血半暗带,细胞因子,神经功能
丁苯酞对缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带细胞因子及神经功能的影响
于晓云
许昌市中心医院神经内科,河南 许昌 461000
作者简介:于晓云,Email:545007596@qq.com
 
摘要】  目的  探讨丁苯酞对缺血性脑卒中患者影像学、血液生化指标及神经功能的相关影响。方法  2016-01—2017-12至许昌市中心医院就诊的98例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,根据患者就诊的时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各49例,对照组内给予常规及血栓通静滴,观察组内则相同基础上给予丁苯酞治疗,比较组间患者治疗前后的缺血带变化、炎症细胞因子的表达及神经功能。结果  干预后观察组患者的缺血低灌注区域及缺血中心区的面积均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组与对照组内低灌注区分别占44例及45例,其中存在缺血半暗带分别为33例(75.0%)、16例(35.6%)(P=0.025);经治疗后观察组患者的外周血炎症细胞因子表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);CSS评分结果比较显示干预前患者的神经功能损害水平基本一致(P=0.47),治疗后1周组内比较均明显好转,对照组内治疗后1周及2周相比无显著性差异,观察组内治疗后2周患者的神经功能水平显著优于1周时。结论  对于缺血性脑卒中患者使用丁苯酞能够对缺血半暗带进行有效保护,降低炎症细胞因子的表达水平,改善患者的神经功能,有利于患者的临床预后。
关键词】  缺血性脑卒中;脑梗死;丁苯酞;缺血半暗带;细胞因子;神经功能
中图分类号】  R743.33    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2019)01-0051-05  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.01.010
 
Effects of butylphthalide on cytokines and neurological function in ischemic penumbra
YU Xiaoyun
Department of NeurologyXuchang Central HospitalXuchang 461000,China
Abstract】  Objective  To investigate the effects of butylphthalide on imaging,blood biochemical parameters and neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods  98 patients with ischemic stroke who were selected to our hospital during the period of from January 2016 to December 2017 were included in the study.The patients were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the time sequence of the patients,49 cases in the control group.Conventional and thrombus intravenous infusion were given.In the observation group,butylphthalide was given on the same basis,and the changes of ischemic band,inflammatory cytokine expression and neurological function before and after treatment were compared between the groups.Results After intervention,the area ofischemic hypoperfusion area and ischemic central area ofthe observation group were significantly lower than the control group.The difference was statisticallysignificant.After treatment,the low perfusion area in the observation group and the control group accounted for 44 cases and 45 cases respectively.The number of ischemic penumbras was 33(75.0%) and 16(35.6%),respectively (P=0.025).After treatment,the expression level of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);Comparative analysis of CSS scores showed that the levels of neurological impairment were basically the same before the intervention (P=0.47),and the scores were significantly improved in the group one week after treatment.One week and two weeks after treatment in the control group.There was no significant difference,and the neurological level of the patients in the observation group was significantly better than that at 1 week after 2 weeks of treatment.Conclusion  The use of butylphthalide in patients with ischemic stroke can effectively protect the ischemic penumbra,reduce the expression level of inflammatory cytokines,improve the neurological function of patients,and benefit the clinical prognosis of patients.
Key words】  Ischemic stroke;Cerebral infarction;Butylphthalide;Ischemic penumbra;Cytokines;Neurological function
 
        缺血性脑卒中是脑卒中的主要类型,血栓或脂质斑块脱落阻塞脑血管而引起脑组织的缺血、缺氧,目前其在临床上的发病率呈逐渐上升的趋势,由于神经细胞损伤的不可逆性及就诊的时间延误,脑卒中患者后期均存在不同程度的功能障碍等后遗症,可显著影响患者的工作和生活质量,对脑卒中的预防和有效治疗始终是科研和临床上的重点内容[1-6]。缺血性脑卒中的急性期围绕缺血病灶周边可形成缺血半暗带,其仍存在大量具有活性的神经元,对缺血半暗带的保护可显著改善患者的临床预后[7-11]。本研究探讨丁苯酞治疗缺血性脑卒中对患者缺血半暗带、炎症细胞因子及神经功能的影响,以为临床诊疗提供参考。
 
1  资料与方法
1.1  研究对象  选取2016-01—2017-12许昌市中心医院治疗的缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,纳入标准:(1)根据CT/MRI检查明确诊断;(2)年龄>18岁;(3)对本研究内容与相关操作知情同意。排除标准:(1)病情危重;(2)脑出血或脑血管畸形;(3)神志不清无法配合的患者。最终纳入98例,根据就诊时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各49例,对照组男23例,女26例,年龄(68.5±3.6)岁;观察组男24例,女25例,年龄(70.4±4.5)岁。2组基础资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2  干预措施  患者入院后均完善相关检查,给予常规降血压、血糖及调血脂等治疗,对照组给予血栓通注射液(广西梧州制药(集团)股份有限公司,国药准字号Z45021769)140 mg静滴,2次/d,5 d为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程,间隔2 d。观察组在相同的基础上配合丁苯酞(石药集团恩必普药业有限公司,国药准字号H20050299)治疗,0.2 g/次,3次/d,连续治疗2周。
1.3  疗效评价  (1)缺血半暗带:治疗前后同一时间点2组研究对象进行脑CT灌注成像检查,脑血流量参数图中血流下降区为缺血低灌注区,脑血容量图中血流明显下降区为缺血中心区,观察两区域的变化及缺血半暗带。(2)细胞因子表达:干预前后取清晨空腹外周血检查IL-6、TNF-α、CRP及IL-1β炎症细胞因子的表达。(3)神经功能评价:依据中国脑卒中量表(CSS)对干预前后患者的神经功能进行量化评价,总分0~45分,分数越高表示患者的神经功能缺损越严重。
1.4  统计学分析  采用SPSS 19.0软件进行相关数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差表示,组间比较使用独立样本t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
 
2  结果
2.1  脑CT灌注成像检查  干预后观察组缺血低灌注区域及缺血中心区面积均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组与对照组低灌注区分别为44例及45例,其中存在缺血半暗带分别为33例(75.0%)、16例(35.6%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.025)。见表1。
2.2  炎症细胞因子表达  干预前组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组外周血炎症细胞因子表达水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3  神经功能评估  治疗前、治疗后1周及2周CSS评分比较,干预前2组神经功能评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.47),治疗后1周2组均明显好转,对照组治疗后1周及2周相比无显著性差异,观察组治疗后2周患者的神经功能水平显著优于1周(P<0.05)。见表3。
表1  缺血低灌注区及缺血中心区组间比较  (x±s,mm2)
Table 1  Comparison between the two groups of ischemic hypoperfusion zone and ischemic central zone  (x±s,mm2)
组别 n 缺血低灌注区   缺血中心区
干预前 干预后   干预前 干预后
对照组 49 3 258.60±1 154.36 1 548.21±669.84   669.82±554.28 759.69±565.62
观察组 49 3 385.96±1 204.55 3 259.66±1 140.23   629.98±444.62 1 258.36±1 002.28
P值   0.68 0.015   0.74 0.039
表2  2组炎症细胞因子表达比较  (x±s)
Table 2  Comparison of inflammatory cytokine expression in two groups  (x±s)
组别 n IL-6(μg/L)   TNF-α(μg/L)   CRP(mg/L)   IL-1β(μg/L)
干预前 干预后   干预前 干预后   干预前 干预后   干预前 干预后
对照组 49 29.52±3.17 18.86±2.13   4.25±0.52 2.98±0.33   16.39±2.85 13.29±2.05   4.16±0.48 2.77±0.25
观察组 49 29.14±2.95 11.28±2.08   4.18±0.36 3.88±0.25   16.57±2.33 10.08±1.74   4.22±0.52 4.06±0.41
P值   0.15 0.038   0.55 0.042   0.095 0.025   0.78 0.039
表3  2组CSS评分比较  (x±s)
Table 3  Comparison of CSS scores between 2 groups  (x±s
组别 n CSS神经功能评分
治疗前 治疗后1周 治疗后2周
对照组 49 18.15±6.68 13.36±3.54 13.16±2.52
观察组 49 17.98±6.25 12.59±3.25 9.59±1.88
P值   0.47 0.39 0.028
 
3  讨论
        随着饮食生活习惯的改变,缺血性脑卒中在临床上的发病率呈逐渐升高趋势,血栓或脂质斑块阻塞血管急性期局部脑组织缺血缺氧在影像学检查中显示出缺血中心区域及缺血半暗带区域,其中半暗带处的神经细胞功能恢复成为目前脑卒中临床治疗的关键[6,12-18],此处的神经细胞仅表现为生物电活动等暂时停止,但细胞的结构和功能仍保存完整,在营养因子及血流重新恢复后仍可实现功能的重建[19-25]
        多种神经生物机制参与了缺血性脑卒中的病理生理过程,包括炎症反应、血流再灌注损伤、线粒体能量代谢异常、氧化应激、离子平衡紊乱等,多种分子通路同时作用可形成瀑布级联反应而使脑损伤的程度加重,从而不利于患者的临床预后[26-33]。丁苯酞取自于芹菜种籽,具有改善脑组织局部血液循环的功能,改善缺血半暗带的血液灌注,有利于神经细胞的恢复[34-40]。同时部分研究报道其可辅助调节环鸟苷酸系统促进一氧化氮等舒张血管物质释放,从而有利于对脑神经细胞的保护,稳定细胞膜,降低离子超载与自由基损伤等[41-46]。本研究中观察组经2周的连续治疗后显著降低患者的炎症细胞因子水平,同时改善了神经功能。
        脑CT灌注成像检查中可显示出可逆性的缺血半暗带区及不可逆的梗死区域,脑血流量参数图与脑血容量参数图中可进行两种区域的划分,文献报道显示其均有良好的敏感性和特异性。本研究显示,观察组患者采用丁苯酞治疗后脑缺血区域显著缩小,同时缺血半暗带区域得以保护,与神经功能的改善一致。
        缺血性脑卒中患者使用丁苯酞能够对缺血半暗带进行有效保护,降低炎症细胞因子的表达水平,改善神经功能,有利于患者的临床预后。
 
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(收稿2019-01-08)
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本文引用信息:于晓云.丁苯酞对缺血性脑卒中缺血半暗带细胞因子及神经功能的影响[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2019,22(1):51-55.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.01.010
Reference information:YU Xiaoyun.Effects of butylphthalide on cytokines and neurological function in ischemic penumbra[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2019,22(1):51-55.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2019.01.010 
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