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尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

作者 / Author:张青青 张 苗 李占武

摘要 / Abstract:

目的 探讨尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 以64例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组各32例。对照组给予依达拉奉治疗,实验组在给予依达拉奉治疗的基础上注射尤瑞克林。对比2组疗效。结果 对照组总有效率为75.0%,实验组总有效率为93.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)均有明显改善(P<0.05),实验组效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 尤瑞克林和依达拉奉对急性脑梗死均有良好治疗效果,两者联合使用可显著改善患者

关键词 / KeyWords:

急性脑梗死,缺血性脑卒中,急性脑血管病,尤瑞克林,依达拉奉,溶栓

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

张青青1)  张  苗2)  李占武1)
1)郑州大学第二附属医院药学部,河南 郑州 450014  2)沈阳药科大学药学院药剂研究室,辽宁 沈阳 110016
作者简介:张青青,Email:zq14101987@126.com
摘要  目的  探讨尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法  以64例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组各32例。对照组给予依达拉奉治疗,实验组在给予依达拉奉治疗的基础上注射尤瑞克林。对比2组疗效。结果  对照组总有效率为75.0%,实验组总有效率为93.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)均有明显改善(P<0.05),实验组效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论  尤瑞克林和依达拉奉对急性脑梗死均有良好治疗效果,两者联合使用可显著改善患者神经功能。
关键词】  急性脑梗死;缺血性脑卒中;急性脑血管病;尤瑞克林;依达拉奉;溶栓
中图分类号】  R743.33    【文献标识码】  A    【文章编号】  1673-5110(2018)20-2244-05  DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.484
The effect observation of urinary kallidinogenase combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction
ZHANG Qingqing1)ZHANG Miao2)LI Zhanwu1)
1)Department of Pharmacythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450014,China;2)Laboratory of PharmacySchool of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016,China
Abstract  Objective  To investigate the clinical effect of urinary kallidinogenase combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods  64 cases of the patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into control group and treatment group,each of 32 cases.The control group was given edaravone for treatment,While the treatment group was treated with urinary kallidinogenase and edaravone.The efficacy was compared between the two groups of patients after 14 days of treatment.Results  Comparing with the control group,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.7,notably improved(P<0.05).The two groups’ NIHSS score had improved significantly,and the treatment group was improved much better than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion  Both of the urinary kallidinogenase and edaravone have good curative effects to acute cerebral infarction,and when combining urinary kallidinogenase and edaravone,the NIHSS score and rehabilitation of patients could be improved significantly
Key words】  Cerebral infarction;Ischemic stroke;Acute cerebrovascular disease;Urethrin;Edaravone;Thrombolytic therapy
        随着生活方式改变和人口老龄化的加剧,脑血管疾病发病率显著增加,脑梗死已成为临床最常见急症之一,发病率约250/10万[1-3]。脑梗死又称缺血性脑卒中,是由各种原因导致的局部脑组织血液供应障碍,继而脑组织缺血缺氧性坏死[4-5]。绝大多数患者抢救存活后仍留有不同程度的后遗症,给日常生活带来极大不便,同时也给其家庭带来沉重的负担。目前公认的治疗方案是在有效时间窗内溶栓治疗[6-7],期待再通血管,恢复脑灌注。但多数患者就诊时已错过最佳治疗时间,而且血管再通的成功率很低。及时开放侧支循环,促进血管新生,恢复大脑血流灌注,对减轻脑细胞损伤具有重要意义[8]。本研究探讨尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。
1  资料与方法
1.1  一般资料  选取2016-03—2017-03在郑州大学第二附属医院治疗的急性脑梗死患者64例为研究对象,男35例,女29例;年龄(61.5±10.4)岁,病程5~48 h。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组各32例,对照组男18例,女14例,年龄(62.3±9.8)岁,入院时神经功能缺损评分为(20.52±7.47)分;实验组男20例,女12例,年龄(60.7±10.6)岁,入院时神经功能缺损评分为(21.68±8.35)分,2组性别、年龄、病情等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2  方法  所有患者给予相同的常规治疗,包括控制血糖、血压和血脂,口服阿司匹林等。在此基础上,对照组给予依达拉奉(国药集团国瑞药业有限公司,20 mL:30 mg,批号1612157)治疗,30 mg依达拉奉加入100 mL生理盐水中静滴,2次/d。实验组对照组基础上联用尤瑞克林(广东天普生化医药股份有限公司,0.15 PNA,批号311610011),0.15 PNA尤瑞克林溶于100 mL生理盐水中静滴,1次/d。2组均持续治疗14 d。
1.3  疗效评定  根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对所有研究对象的神经功能进行评定。得分越高表示患者神经功能缺损越严重。(1)显效:NIHSS评分明显下降,患者意识清晰,生活可自理;(2)有效:NIHSS评分下降,患者意识清醒,生活不能自理;(3)无效:NIHSS评分基本无改善。总有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数×100%。
1.4  安全性评价  给药前后测量血压。治疗前后分别检测血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能和心电图。治疗过程中若出现过敏或血压不稳定情况,及时停药。
1.5  统计学分析  通过SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。计量数据采取均数±标准差(x±s)表示,行t检验。计数数据采用率(%)表示,行χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2  结果
2.1  2组治疗前后NIHSS评分比较  治疗前,2组NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组NIHSS评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),实验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2  2组临床疗效比较  实验组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3  2组不良反应比较  所有患者治疗过程中血压稳定,治疗前后肝功能、肾功能、凝血功能及心电图等指标均无明显改变(P>0.05)。治疗过程中出现心慌3例,程度较轻,自行缓解。
表1  2组治疗前后NIHSS评分比较  (x±s)
Table 1  Comparison of NIHSS scores before and after treatment in 2 groups  (x±s
组别 n 治疗前 治疗后
对照组 32 20.52±7.47 14.455±7.80
实验组 32 21.68±8.35 8.62±4.33
表2  2组临床疗效比较  [n(%)]
Table 2  Comparison of clinical effects between the 2 groups  [n(%)]
组别 n 显效 有效 无效 总有效率/%
对照组 32 6(18.75) 18(56.25) 8(25.00) 75
实验组 32 11(34.38) 19(59.38) 2(6.25) 93.7
3  讨论
        脑卒中是最常见、致残率也最高的神经系统疾病,而急性脑梗死是最常见的脑卒中之一[9-10]。临床上患者常表现为失语、偏瘫,甚至昏迷等神经功能缺失症状。急性脑梗死的病灶由缺血中心和周围缺血半暗带构成[11-12]。缺血中心区域的脑组织为不可逆性坏死,缺血半暗带则因侧支循环存在,脑组织缺血程度较轻,脑细胞仅功能丧失却未完全坏死,呈可逆性损伤。因此,抢救缺血半暗带是治疗急性脑梗死的关键[13-17]。若在治疗时间窗内及时合理的溶栓药物,使血管再通,恢复半暗带的血液供应,缺血半暗带的脑组织功能可得到很大改善[18-20]。目前,溶栓治疗包括静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓和动静脉结合溶栓[21-25]。但由于有效治疗窗极短且血管再通成功率不高,如何通过促进侧支循环开放,恢复栓塞区血流供应,以减少神经损伤成为临床研究的重点[26-30]
        研究[31-32]表明,急性脑梗死再灌注过程中会引起局部氧自由基大量释放。氧自由基会破坏细胞膜结构,引起神经功能损伤,引发脑水肿和脑出血风险。依达拉奉作为自由基捕获剂,能迅速捕获并立即灭活在各种化学反应中新产生的自由基,抑制脂质体膜的过氧化,从而减轻脑缺血引起的脑水肿及组织损伤[33-42]。因此,作为一种有效的脑神经保护剂,依达拉奉主要用于急性脑梗死的治疗[42-43]
        尤瑞克林是从健康成年男性的尿液中提取得到的激肽原酶。通过激活人体自身激肽原酶-激肽系统进而发挥广泛生理作用,包括扩张缺血区域微动脉、诱导血管再生、促进神经再生、修复神经等效应[11,44-47]。尤瑞克林将激肽原转化为激肽和血管缓激肽,其中血管缓激肽可与血管内皮细胞上的特异性受体结合,激活血管内皮舒张因子释放,引起血管平滑肌舒张,扩张血管,减少脑梗死面积[12]。动物实验表明,尤瑞克林可提高大鼠缺血半球皮质血流量和大脑中动脉供血区血流量,减小脑梗死面积[13,48-49]
        尤瑞克林还具有促进血管再生的作用。它通过激肽原酶-激肽系统产生的激肽比血管内皮生长因子具有更为强大的促血管再生能力[14,50-51]。因此,使用尤瑞克林可以明显促进缺血区的血管再生,增加局部血流。治疗急性脑梗死的关键是及时恢复脑灌注。在半暗带区,毛细血管增生程度直接关系到缺血周围血流的改善。研究表明,有更多小血管生成的患者存活率和预后较好,血管再生与神经再生也紧密相关,新生血管能恢复脑细胞的营养供给和氧代谢,促进神经元的修复和再生[15]。研究表明,尤瑞克林通过有效刺激侧支循环建立和上调血管内皮生长因子表达水平,促进梗死灶周围的血管新生,改善缺血半暗带血供[16],且侧支的开放为局部使用神经保护药物提供了通路[17]
        本研究显示尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗的患者神经功能和生活能力均得到更大改善,在改善脑血流灌注、保护脑神经、减轻缺血后脑损伤等不同环节发挥协同作用,临床应用价值高。
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(收稿2017-08-09  修回2018-09-30)
本文责编:王喜梅
本文引用信息:张青青,张苗,李占武.尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2018,21(20):2244-2248.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.484
Reference information:ZHANG Qingqing,ZHANG Miao,LI Zhanwu.The effect observation of urinary kallidinogenase combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases,2018,21(20):2244-2248.DOI:10.12083/SYSJ.2018.20.484

 

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